žIndirect speech is when we report what speaker said indirectly .
Look at the example :
Direct Speech : she said , “ I’m a teacher “.
Iindirect speech : she said that she was a teacher.
From the example :
a.SHe said, told : reporting verb ( introductory verb )
b.SHe was a teacher : reported verb ( the main verb which is reported )
Be careful when you use tell / told and say / said. Told always needs a direct object while saidalways needs an indirect object
Incorrect : She told to me ….. , She said me …..
correct : She told me…. , She said ….
For example ;
direct speech : “ I’m doing my homework “
indirect speech: she said that she was doing her homework.
When the reporting verb is in the form of past, the tense and the person are changed :
The change of person
For example 1 :
Yeni to Keken : yeni said,” I go to pantai panjang “. { direct speech }.
Keken to Een : “ she said that she went to pantai panjang “. { indirect speech }
Example 2 : žDedi to Ega : Dedi said, “ I don’t like tennis “. { direct speech}”.
žEgha to lala : “ He said to me that He didn’t like tennis “ { indirect speech }”.
the change of tense:
the change of time
Look at the example :
Direct Speech : she said , “ I’m a teacher “.
Iindirect speech : she said that she was a teacher.
From the example :
a.SHe said, told : reporting verb ( introductory verb )
b.SHe was a teacher : reported verb ( the main verb which is reported )
Be careful when you use tell / told and say / said. Told always needs a direct object while saidalways needs an indirect object
Incorrect : She told to me ….. , She said me …..
correct : She told me…. , She said ….
For example ;
direct speech : “ I always go to school “ .
indirect speech : she told me that she always went to school .
indirect speech : she told me that she always went to school .
direct speech : “ I’m doing my homework “
indirect speech: she said that she was doing her homework.
When the reporting verb is in the form of past, the tense and the person are changed :
The change of person
For example 1 :
Yeni to Keken : yeni said,” I go to pantai panjang “. { direct speech }.
Keken to Een : “ she said that she went to pantai panjang “. { indirect speech }
Example 2 : žDedi to Ega : Dedi said, “ I don’t like tennis “. { direct speech}”.
žEgha to lala : “ He said to me that He didn’t like tennis “ { indirect speech }”.
The change of Tense
example :
Dani to lisa.
direct speech: “ I am studying now “.
indirect speech: he said that he was studying now.
Marisa to Putri
direct speech: “ I will study tomorrow “.
indirect speech: she told me that she would study the day before.
example :
Dani to lisa.
direct speech: “ I am studying now “.
indirect speech: he said that he was studying now.
Marisa to Putri
direct speech: “ I will study tomorrow “.
indirect speech: she told me that she would study the day before.
the change of tense:
Direct speech | Indirect speech |
Simple Present ( V1) | Simple Past ( V2 ) |
Present Continuous (is/am/are + V-ing ) | Past Continuous ( was/ were + V-ing ) |
Simple Past ( V2 ) Present Perfect ( has/ have + V3) Past Perfect ( had + V3 ) | Past Perfect ( had + v3 ) |
Simple Future ( modals + V1 ) | Past future ( modal past + V1 ) |
the change of time
Direct speech | indirect speech |
Today | that day |
Now | Then/ at the time |
Yesterday | The day before |
…. Ago | … before |
Last …. | The…. Before |
Tomorrow | The day after |
Next | The… after |
This | This / that |
That | That |
These | Those |
Those | Those |
Here | There |
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